Which movement aimed at relocating freed slaves back to Africa in the 1820s and 1830s?

The movement aimed at relocating freed slaves back to Africa in the 1820s and 1830s is correctly identified as the Colonization movement. This initiative, which gained traction among certain groups in the United States during this period, was motivated by the belief that freed African Americans could not successfully coexist with whites in the U.S. and thus should be sent to settle in Africa.

Supporters of the Colonization movement established organizations such as the American Colonization Society, which facilitated the founding of settlements in Africa, most notably Liberia, as a colony for freed slaves. Advocates included both abolitionists who wanted to see freed African Americans prosper in a land of their own, and those who were motivated by a desire to rid the U.S. of its black population for socioeconomic or racial reasons.

The other movements mentioned, like the Abolition movement, focused on ending slavery itself rather than relocating freed individuals. Immigration reform typically referred to the regulation of immigration policies and the experiences of immigrants rather than the establishment of colonies or relocation of freed slaves. The Settlement movement was primarily concerned with social reform and improving living conditions in urban areas, making it largely unrelated to the specific goals of the Colonization movement. Thus, the Colonization movement stands out as the