What was the primary focus of the market revolution in the early 19th century?

The primary focus of the market revolution in the early 19th century was indeed the shift from agrarian economies to industrial and market-oriented economies. This transformative period saw significant changes in the ways goods were produced and exchanged. It marked the rise of factories, the growth of transportation networks such as canals and railroads, and the emergence of a more interconnected national market.

The transition from local, subsistence farming to a more commercial agricultural system allowed farmers to produce cash crops, which could be sold in distant markets. This shift facilitated the movement of people and goods across the country, fostering economic growth and urbanization. As a result, cities began to develop more rapidly as centers of industry and commerce, fundamentally altering the economic landscape of the United States.

The other options, while they touch upon relevant themes of the period, do not encapsulate the essence of the market revolution as thoroughly as the correct choice does. The conversion of rural lands into urban centers is a result of the market revolution, but it does not directly reflect the underlying economic shift. The establishment of a national bank and the expansion of agricultural exports were also significant, yet they were more peripheral to the fundamental transformation of the economy from agrarian to industrial and market-oriented in nature. Thus,