What was the predominant social movement that aimed to abolish slavery in the 19th century?

The predominant social movement that aimed to abolish slavery in the 19th century was abolitionism. This movement was characterized by its strong commitment to ending the institution of slavery in the United States and abroad. Abolitionists, including notable figures such as Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and William Lloyd Garrison, organized campaigns, published literature, and advocated for social and political reforms to liberate enslaved individuals. The movement gained significant momentum in the 1830s and 1840s, leading to a growing national discourse about human rights, equality, and morality.

In contrast, while women's suffrage, the temperance movement, and labor rights were also important social movements during the 19th century, they focused on different issues. Women’s suffrage sought to secure voting rights for women. The temperance movement aimed to limit or prohibit alcohol consumption due to its perceived social ills. Labor rights revolved around improving working conditions and protecting the rights of workers. Although these movements intersected with abolitionism at times, particularly in their advocacy for social justice and equality, abolitionism was distinct in its sole focus on ending slavery.