What key right is established in Article Three of the Constitution?

Article Three of the U.S. Constitution primarily establishes the judicial branch of the government and outlines the framework for the federal court system. A significant aspect of Article Three is its provision for the right to a trial by jury in criminal cases, specifically ensuring that individuals accused of crimes will be tried by a jury of their peers. This right is fundamental in protecting defendants from arbitrary state power and providing a fair legal process.

The inclusion of the right to trial by jury reflects Enlightenment ideals about justice and individual rights, emphasizing the importance of a public trial where the evidence is examined and deliberated upon by a group of citizens. This principle helps uphold the legitimacy of the judicial system and serves as a safeguard against potential abuses of power. The other options, while important rights, are not specifically established in Article Three, making the right to trial by jury the key right associated with this part of the Constitution.